If this is the only question you have, than the straight answer is yes Android is compatible with Linux. Mostly all the cells are compatible but some say they are or not so, the best cell which is tried and compatible with Linux are HTC and Sony Ericsson Xperia cell phones, they work really fine with Linux Ubuntu OS.
Like any other cell phone they also come with USB functionality, just plug it with computer and can transfer the files. And more than that Android also provide you other option which you can also be used; it’s a free application AndFTP by which you can transfer files from your device as well.
